JUNE, 1947 LUSTRATED LUSTRATED LUSTRATED LUSTRATED INE ILLUSTRATED INE ILimTRATED iPALESTINE IL PALESTIŃE IL PALESTIŃE IL PALESTIŃE IL PALESTIŃE IL M.EST1NE I LI PRICE 50 MILS. TEI PALESTIŃE ILLUSTRATED NEWS PALESTIŃE ILLUSTRATED NEWS GDAŃSK INTERNATIONAL FAIR 2-10 AUGUST 1947 GDAŃSK INTERNATIONAL FAIR 2-10 AUGUST 1947 THE FIRST GDAŃSK INTERNATIONAL FAIR will give a picture of Polish economic life and will offer the best opportunity for the exchange of goods and the approachment between Poland and other countries of the whole world. Poland needs raw materials, many machines and tools necessary for the rebuilding, all kinds of mstruments etc. and can offer in return products of its industry which your country surely needs. We invite you to vi sit the first Gdańsk International Fair from 2-10 August 1947. P.I.N. POLAND-PALESTINE june, 1947 P. WITKOWSKI local representative of the Polish Commercial and Industrial Authorities. There iś obvitwsly a necessity to foster a systematic and appro-priate development of the econo-mic relations between Poland and Palestine, which be based not; on, a monopoly,of any group, no.t, ; f avourising of .a.ny secior but on ęornmon effort and Synchronizing the need .for the rebuilding of the' Polish -State with the eeonomical needs of Palestine Will constifcute a basis ior the Vactivity ©f the local Polish Commercial Agency. The aim wilł be :> norinalizing of a icom-mereial polic beneficient to both partners and based' on 'the prin-ciple of reciprocity. K ni Inrview of Wie itnmeńśStyćom-plicated structure of the world's ecoftomy of fó-day' and of the grade of spećializatión feaćhed in thfe world?s industry, it śv no morfe ptifcśible1 for any, even the richefet śtate, to ckrry butan autarćhlć policji It is certaihly not possible for 'the Polish State devastated by war On the" contrary, we have to build up our national economy within the framework of interna F. BERNSTEIN, Męmber of łhe Execuiive of łhe Jewish Agency for Palesiine. tional solidarity and widely understood trade exchange; we strive towards rebuilding of our Poland has suffered badly from the Gierman laggression. More than six million of itś population sea-ports, developing of our own died, the conntry was devastated. fleet, both for commercial > and passengers use, setting up of our own ocean lines and air lines, impro¥in the transport abilities of the railroads, etc... Before the wdr Palekińe play-ed an important part in the Po- During the German occupation Poland was depopulated, aiid the paiństaking work of centuries destroyed. The world is following with gi^eat interest the rteconstruc-tion of the country sincte its libe-ration, the re-establishment of its lish trade balance/ all theńiore it industries, its agriculture and its does to-day — when Poland's cómmerce and communication econoirtlc Jsti^iblure has turried system. Most obviously Póland from agricułtural to industrial has started its reconstruction and ^gHcultUrkl, thus bpenihg with great zeal and energy, and new persJ)fectiVes, new óutlińeś the success achieved up to nt»w is a-lready considerable Production of coal has again reached a re-markable height,'and eńables the supply not only of the conntry > itself, but afeo of other eountries. ifrćśpective of' The' iron-słeel works' specially 0£ important for the country's re- for the development bf the trade exchange with the eountries of the Nea* East arid^Middle Edśt and especially with Palestine. Every Palestińian merchant and industrialist what tor óf econotóic life fte constućbon are workmg at belongś to, irrespective of his and agneulture will prewał fcommertial rćłatibns certainly be m a pasition, m the with Potóhd (iflthy), will receive "f4 "hawesf year, to cultwate the wholeol its cultwafble area. Understandably a special ef-fórt was madę to restore, first and fuli siipport and all the facilities from the Pdlish ' Commercial-Industrial Agency of tliis place on one condition only: that Iie foremost, the destroyed traffic and will in an upright honest way communications, strive to^ enter into relations with ports, in order to secure com- the Poliżh Ińduśtry and Com- municatión with abroad. Poland merce. There is; no doubt about it has succeeded? by co^icluding trade that a journey to the Interna- and payment agreements, in rein- tional Fair in 'Gdańsk will help stating itself into world trade. him immensely in his endeaVoiirs Before the war, trade rela- to base those relations On a solid, tions with Palestine were brisk. lasting ioundatión. Thję numerous, personal relations To all Pąlestiniari; rĄerchants between industrialists . and and industrialists włio wish to en- businessmen here and there have ter into clpse relations with the Polish Commerce and Industry, and who are setting out for the Gdańsk Fair, I convey my best wishes bf materiał benefit. I do wish, tke$n also to gain this satis-facjion which cannot be expres-sed, in figur esy and which webowe to th.0 kfeelj.ng that our joh has beefo done to< thę- ^ęst of>our abili-ty. .>?. Ony,ęoming to the < end :of this short forewprd I wish fuli stic-! cess to the Ędjtorial Board of the ''Palestine Illustrated jNiews"i and tąke tłjis opportuiiity of ex* preśsing ipy gratitude tto all who were kind epeugh to asist iri bringing out this number. - favourably influenced the ex-change of goods between the two eountries. At present these econo-mic , relations are still on a limit-ed scalę, l>ut they can be greatly expandeę(. Poland's industry can supply us.»with a number of goods which Mre need, and Poland will purchase many goods in Palestine, which, be£ore the war, it used to buy in Germany. In the meantime, Palestine has deye-loped jts .industnes and hąs be-coine more important as supplier as well as consumer. Palestine is one of thosp eountries in which the foreign trade rate as per head of the population is extraor-dinarily high. Poland, rich in na- F. BERNSTEIN, Head of the Trade and Indusłry Department. tural resources, will soon regain its fuli productive capacity, and the International Fałr in Gdańsk, which is to take place in the near futurę, will be an important step forward in this direction. Palestine is interested in the*expansion of mutual trade relations, which will benefit the economy of both eountries, and ready to do, on its part, everything possible to achieve the desired aim. Nog, when litile by little the dawn of peace spreads over the world and nations are gradually resuming their normal life after the destruction of the diabolic Hitlerite :forc-es, Poland and Palestine look again to the reStoration of their pre-war eonnections. There is a long rangę of agricułtural and industrial com-modities, raw materials and semi-manufactured articlesś which can pave the way for a growing exchańge of goods, in view pf their geographical si-tuation, climatic conditions and natural resoifirces. Pustex-perience will undoubtbdly rbe very help ful in the futurę de-velopment of. their external conpmerce and we hope that Palestine and Poland will sue-cessfully reeśtablish their trade relations to the mutual benefit of both eountries. ASHENKAR, President of Manufactiirefś Association of Palestine. P. I. N. Poland wants to do business with other countries Before the war, trading with Poland was often an intricate and uncertain business. Long credits were the rule, and only in too many cases did foreign firms incur bad debts or have to wait for their money months longer than necessary. june, 1947 DR. LUDWIK GROSSFELD Vic«-Młnisier of Industry and Trade. In the new Poland, all these difficulties and barriers to smooth trading have been swept away. The opportunities to do business are enormous, and owing to the State having taken over the buyirng of raw materiał — mostly on a cash basis — the quantities im-ported are large. Poland has been busy, and still is, in drawing up a number of trade agreements with countries in Europę and overseas. Raw cotton and wool, rags, woollen wastes, machines, electrical goods, leather, fertilisers, motor lorries, silk and a host of other things are needed in the rapidly expand-ing Polish market, but it isn^t the slightest use any merchant offer-ing smali ąuantities of goods. The State buys in bulk, and obviously cannot worry about one machinę here and there, a ton or two of this ąuality and a ton or two of that one. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry has created a number of State buying offices, each one specialising in the branch of industry which it*is its duty to keep supplied. These State agencies or offices, collect offers either direct CII AM BER OF COMMERCE TEL-AVIV — JAFFA Tel-Aviv llth June, 1947. Ref. BC/34/2404/— It is with great pleasure that I accede to the reąuest to send this message to the special issue devoted to the lst postwar International Gdańsk Fair which is to be held in that city in August of this year. In prewar years Palestine was a good customer to Poland having purchased in 1938 420.000 pounds and in 1939 (up to the outbreak of war) some 600.000 pounds worth of goods. These purchases included cereals, butter, coal, timber, agricultural seeds, iron, steel and paper. Poland's purchases from this country were not more than about one ąuarter of the value of our purchases from that source and consist of citrus fruit and olive oil. World War II, which brought with it the necessity of our depending to a large extent on our own resources, greatly developed our industry and ports. Under special circumstances the newly founded industries were of a type to meet the immediałe needs of the people — clothing, house-hold textiles and processed foodstuffs — or materials for the increasing building activity which was indicative of the generał economic expansion of the country, serving at the time as a military base for the Allied For ces in the Middle East, when we were also able to assist in the eąuipping of the Polish for ces fighting beside our own in the Western Desert of Egypt. Our industries which were established in wartime have now switched over to peacetime production and are being strengthened and expanded, requiring to-day more raw materials than in prewar years. Palestine has also a steady need for semi-processed materials and for many types of manu-factured goods which are either not made locally or manu-factured in insufficient ąuantities to meet the local demand. As elsewhere, so our own industry is seeking an outlet for its production in foreign markcts. We are certain to be in a position to supply Poland with many of our manufac-tured goods. W here there are currency difficulties we are willing and able under certain circumstances to enter into barter agreem-ents, one of which was recently concluded with another Euro pean country. We were able to offer that country scrap iron, hides, chemicals, industrial diamonds, citrus by-products, table and industrial salts, chocolale and sweets, wines, pharmaceutical goods, artificial porcelain teeth, glass-ware and wearing apparel of every type. We extend to the International Gdańsk Fair our very best wishes for the success of this enterprise and trust that the trade relations which existed between Palestine and Poland in prewar years will soon be resumed and developed to ever greater extent than heretofore to the benefit of our two countries. (Dr. S. Lipschitz) PRESIDENT from sellers abroad, or from a number of- private agents func-tioning in Poland, and a board of experts consider the prices and ąualities of samples, after which the ones approved are sent for finał approval to the Central Office in Warsaw. The firm from which it is pro-posed to buy, is then notified by cable, and a contract drawn up. Conditions of payment are usually cash against documents in the country of origin of the goods. The way is open. The business is there to be picked up. Do not let us be too late. Jaffa 4th May 1947. On the eve of the opening of the Polish Fair which is tcb be held at Gdańsk, we seize this opportunity to congratulate you and hope that commercial relations between both Palestine and Poland be hencefor-ward strengthened and that facilities to visit your beautiful country be extended to a large number of1 Arab merchants who intend to visit the Gdańsk Fair. Yours Faithfully, Hon. Secretary, SH NAJEM Jaffa Chamber of Commerce. I comply with pleasure with the reąuest of Mr. Witkowski, the Polish Commercial Attache in Palestine, to give a short picture of my impressions dur ing my recent visit to Poland. I have spent a fortnight mainly in Warsaw, and have found that reconstruction of the devastated districts is pro ceeding on a large scalę. All layers of the population are busy in their daily tasks, and are striving hard to overcome the difficulties brought about by the war. I understand that in those cities which have not suffered severely from enemy action* the activity in factories and mines is in fuli swing. Pros-pects of an intensive export trade are bright for the near futurę. Dr. N. Grosskopf, Manager of the Palestine Polish Chamber of Commerce in Tel-Avivt who is now on a visit to Poland, is contacting all depart-ments with a view to develop and strengthen commercial and economic relations between Palestine and Poland. I wish him every success in his efforts. Joseph ROKACH. Tel-Aviv, June 15th 1947. During my recent visit to Europę for the purpose of opening business relationship between the Euro pean and Middle East countries, I visit-ed Poland and discussed with the Polish Authorities there the possibilities of trade between that country and the Arab States. There I found sincere willingness to cooper-ate. They agreed in principle to establish Polish-Arab Chambers of Commerce in the various Arab States in order to strengthen the Polish-Arab trade relations. In this connection I have to state that the Polish people, des pite the enormous destruc-tion which I myself saw in their country in conseąuence of the war, are cooperating ad-mirably with their Govern-ment in order to rebuild their country and reorganise it on a solid basis. T. & S. Wafa Daj any Jerusalem, 31 May 1947 P. I. N. June, 1947 THE PORTS OF PALESTINE The coast of Palestine is com-pletely Iacking in good natural harbours, and for many centuries shipping activities were carried out principalły at the port of Jaffa, where the existence of a reef provided some protection for very smali vessels. With the increased size of vessels, and the growth of trade to and from Palestine after the 1914—1918 War, the need for a modern harbour became ap-parent to avoid vessels having to He in unsheltered waters offshore and for cargoes to be conveyed by lighter to and from the shore. Various schemes were prepared for the building of an artificial harbour at Haifa and trial bor-rings carried out as early as 1920. In 1922, an eminent firm of consulting engineers were invited to report on the futurę port develop-ment of the country, and it was recommended that the construc- tion of a harbour at Haifa, this being the most suitable place in Palestine, should be undertaken. In 1926, a loan was raised by the authority of Parliament under the East 'Africa and Palestine Loans Act, providing inter alia, for the construction of a harbour at Haifa. By 1928 the preliminary survey and plans had been prepared and work was commenced in 1929. The actual construction of the main breakwaier, with stone from quarries at Athlit 17 kilometres away, was commenced in October, 1929. The completed harbour was formally opened in October, 1933. During this period, the Port of Jaffa continued to be extensively used, particularly for the ex-port of citrus emanating from groves in the Jaffa Area, and in 1924 the position regarding ac-commodation at that port became so acute that it was decided to construct extensive shore accom-modation for cargo. By March, 1937. the improvements to the port had been completed. The im-provements to Jaffa Port did not include, however the provision of Harbour works, and ships continued to lie offshore and to load and discharge their cargoes by lighter. In 1936, the normal working of Jaffa Port was disorganised by a strike among lightermen, and a smali jetty was constructed in the northern section of Jaffa Port for the purpose of facilitating the loading of citrus traffic and the discharge of imported goods. The works at this point undertaken by the Marinę Trust Limited, Tel-Aviv, were later extended by the provision of shed uccommodation and a smali lighter basiri. Prior to 31st March, 1943, the control and operation of the ports were vested in the Department of Customs, Excise and Trade. With effect from lst April, 1943, the working of the Ports of Palestine was transferred to the General Manager, Palestine Railways, who was appointed Ports Authority for this purpose. HAIFA PORT Haifa Port is situated on the southern shore of the Bay of Acre, and is protected from the south and west and to a smali extent from the prevailing west-north-west wind, by Mount Car^ mel. The harbour is enclosed by two breakwaters, the main one being 7,250 feet long and the lee breakwater 2,510 feet long. The harbour entrance is dredged to 37 feet below mean sea level and is approximately 600 feet wide. The harbour water area is ap-(Continued overleaf) HAIFA PORT — The Gałeway lo Palestine P.I.N. THE PORTS OF PALESTINE Coniinuation proximately 278.6 acres and is dredged as follows; 91.0 acres dredged to 37 reet helów mean sea level; 25.3 acres dredged to 33 feet below mean sea level; 63.2 acres dredged to 30.8 feet below mean sea level. The normal tidal variation is 12 inches above or below mean sea !evel, and the maximum 16£ inches to 19 inches above or below mean sea level. The berthing facilities provided for shipping are as follows:— Main Wharf: 1,312 feet in łength and dredged to a depth of 31 ft. Intermediate Wharf: 361 feet in length and dredged to depths of 18 to 31 feet. Lighter Wharf: 574 feet in length and dredged to an average depth of 16£ feet. Cargo jetty: 885 feet in length and dredged to a depth varying from 16 to 30 feet. Oil jetty: 1,050 feet in length. This jetty is the terminus of the Iraq pipę line and is fed from 24 storage tanks. The oil jetty is si-tuated in an oil dock which, in normal times, is reserved entirely for the use of tankers. The oil jetty can accommodate two 12,000 ton tankers on each side, and the facilities provided are capable of loading oil to each vessel at the rate of 1,000 tons of refined or heavy oil per hour. provided at the oil jetty, two 12 inch. sub-marine pipelines. 4,200 feet long, are situated in Acre Bay to en-able tankers to load and dis-charge without entering the harbour. Main Breakwater: Facilities are provided at the main breakwater for ships to moor while being loaded or discharged by lighter. Transit shed accommodation on the main and subsidiary wharves oonsists of eight transit sheds with a total floor area of 242,187 sąuare feet. In addition, open stacking areas for a total ton-nage of * approximately 30,000 tons of cargo are provided. Cranage facilities consist of one fixed derrick electric crane capable of lifting 15 tons at a radius of 65 feet; one 15 ton stream travelling gantry crane; one 1J ton traveling electric crane; one 5 ton petrol electric mobile crane and a floating stream crane capable of lifting 15 tons at a radius of 65 feet. Raił facilities for the clearance of cargo are provided at all main wharves and transit sheds. JAFFA PORT The Jaffa Port, constructed in 1937, consists of an open roadstead and lighter harbour, the latter being protected by a breakwater 1,575 feet long and comprising an area of approximately 5.8 acres dredged to a depth 13 feet and with an entrance 40 feet wide. The depth of water at the anchorage in the roadstead varies from 7 to 10 fathoms. The work-ing of the port during the months of November to March is inter-mittently affected by weather con-ditions which render loading from lighters to ships lying in the roadstead a matter of diffi-culty. The ąuays are designed for loading to and from lighters and schooners, and are of a total length of 1,968 feet. Transit sheds and warehouses are provided, with a total floor area of 254,460 sąuare feet, together with an open stacking area of 68,897 sąuare feet. Two 7-ton and three 3-ton fixed electric derrick cranes are provided. During the period of the war, owing to the exposed naturo of the anchorages, Jaffa Port could not be used for its normal purposes, but the extensive transit shed and warehouse facilities which exist at the Port have been utilised for the storage of food-stuffs imported under Govern. ment control. During the year 1943—44 some 100,000 tons of foodstuffs were received for storage. Some of the sheds were made available to the Military Author-ities during the war. TEL-AVIV PORT Before the war the port was handling an average of 20,000 tons per month. Some 2,000 la-bourers of all descriptions were earning their livelihood in the area and the passenger traffic grew. The outbreak of war with Germany did not immediately cause a decrease of activity, but ^nerely reduced the number of ships calling with a commensur-ate reduction in the ąuantity of cargo. When Italy entered the war in June, 1940, the port was declared unusable for shipping owing to its being exposed to the dangers of submarine warfare. Only a very smali unit of stevedores, lightermen and porters were kept for emergencies and generał war work. At the reąuest of the military and naval authorities a large pro-portion of harbour eąuipement such as tugs, launches, pontoons, lighters, waggonettes and loading appliances were surrendered. In-structors were supplied; areas of the port were allotted for the bil- June, 1947 leting and training of the Port Operating Company; wreck re-moving and salvage were organised; all sheds for the storage of essential supplies, etc., and prac-tically half of the port area want-ed for mechanical workshops were placed at the disposal of the Government and the boat build-ing workshop was fully utilised for the war effort. A fishing fleet was set up for the provision of the local population and the port became the principal base of this new industry. More important vessels such as smali invasion and landing craft were also reąuired and these were specially constructed. Two motor minesweepers were built for the Admiralty arld eąuipped with machines and1 electrical installations. Their launching together with that of a 96 ft. vessel for the Government Department of Fisheries consti-tuted the first broadside launching in Palestine. The port is now making plans for normal operations and efforts are being concentrated on the re-eąuipment of the port. The Harbour Board is hopeful that with-in a few months it JAFFA PORT TEL-AVIV PORT sible to cope with the same quan-tities of cargo as were handled before the war. Tel-Aviv Harbour is opera ted maintained and controlled by Marinę Trust, Ltd. The Port is subject to the same interference " by weather conditions as the Port of Jaffa. They ąuays are now 1,312 ft. in length. There are se-veral cranes including one of 25 tons, three of 5 tons, two of 2 tons and three of 1 ton.. P. I.N. ' First Gdańsk International Fair June, 1947 An international exhibition un-der the auspices of Mr. Joseph Cyrankiewicz, the Polish Prime Minister, will be held at Gdańsk, the old Polish sea-port, between the 2nd and the lOth of August, 1947. This exhibition will show our foreign visitors the. tremendous achievements of the Polish indus-try, due both to Polaad's speedy recovery from the disastrous war destruction and to her favourable geopolitical position in the centre of Europę. Mining, Iron, Textiles, Chemicals, Timber, Fish Produce and Leather Industries will all have special departments fully represented. An area of approximately 24.000 sq. metres will be covered by exhibits of different branches of industry displayed in attractive show-rooms. An adjacent island called Holm Island connected with the port by railway-ferry will serve the purpose of making foreign visitors acąuainted with the latest development of heavy industry and particularly with new models of machinery. A special section of the Fair covering an area of an additional 12.000 sq. metres in the neighbouring port of Gdynia will show in fuli the Fishing Industry: manufac-ture of fishing eąuipment, speci-mens of fish preserves, refrigera-tor plants and diagrams showing the consumption of fish in Po-land. ł Owing to Poland's geopolitical position in Europę, Gdańsk as the largest Polish port may play its historical part as a commercial link between the West and the East. This has been taken into account by the organizers of the Fair. Foreign visitors, therefore, will easily find all kinds of information regarding the futurę op-portunities for the exchange of goods, raw materials and commercial services via Gdańsk. Diagrams and statistical data concerning the shipping space on Polish steamers, the storing capa-city of our ports and tariff reductions for goods. in transit — are completing the picture of the in-dustrial recovery of our country in her struggle to win a place among the competing countries of the world. During the Exhibition the vi-sitors will have the opportunity of enjoying festivals of Polish national musie, yacht races, lec-tures, scientific public discus-sions, etc.; social parties wll take place in fashionable villas along the picturesque seashore of the Gdańsk bay. All kinds of transport facilities will be at the dis-posal of the visitors and a con-siderable reduction of fares on Polish shipping lines will be granted. As far as it can be ascertained up to now, all Slav countries as well as the sixteen Repub-ics of the USSR have declared their readiness to participate in the Fair. Free and democratic Poland of to-day looks forward to the day, when restrictions of protective tariffs are lifted and as far as pos-sible freedom of international trade is introduced. To the International Gdańsk Fair she cordially invites every-body who may wish to witness her speedy conversion from an agricultural into an industrial country. All information regarding the Gdańsk International Fair as well as the necessary application forms may be obtained from the Commercial Attache, »House Khalaf near Carmelite House, Upper BakaQtr., Jerusalem on Monday, Tuesday, Friday and Saturday between 10—12 a.m.; on Wednesday and Thursday between 10— 12 a.m. — at the Polish Consulate General, 42, Ahad Haam St., Tel-Aviv. NOTE : All facilities are provided in order to accommodate the foreign visitors at Polish Health Resorts and Mountain Resorts. Details and prices are shown hereunder: HEALTH RESORTS: Name: Altitude: Number of beds reserved: Solice-Zdroj 410 m. 200 Cieplice-Zdroj 368 m. 150 Polanica-Zdroj 500 m. 300 Duszniki-Zdroj 568 m. 100 Kudowa-Zdroj 400 m. 50 Ladek-Zdroj 450 m. 50 Wieniec-Zdroj 530 m. 100 MOUNTAIN RESORTS Karpacz 650 m. 20 Bierutowice 850 m. 30 Name: Altitude: Number of Beside the above allocation for 1000 persons, additional accom-modation may also be found, if necessary. PRICES: Rooms with running hot water Mr. Joseph CYRANKIEWICZ, the Polish Prime Minister (on addressing tho Parliameni, Feb. 2nd, 1947). "The iwo years sińce ihe liberalion have been a period of unremiłłing ef-fori by Ihe Polish worker, peasant and intelligenłsia. To this effori is due also ihe faci thał Polish industrial oułput is in many spheres approaching pre-war level." and central heating; service ln« cluded: A. Health Resorts: from 600 to 1000 zlo., according to the ca-tegory of the room; medical assistance included. B. Mountain Resorts: from 600 to 1000 zlo., according to the category of the room. OLD GDAŃSK P. I. N. June, 1947 Basic Reasons For Trade Between Poland and Palestine A glance at both, the past and the present of the commerciał relations between Poland and Palestine, is sufficient for stating of an almost obvious truth: there exist all the fac-tual and materiał grounds for entering into and developing many-sided trade relations between the two countries. Commerciał relations between countries throughout centuries have often been de-termined by political conditions, by inter-dependence of communication, by financial and economic superiority of one country over the other, etc. It also happens, however, that they are a natural outcome of such arrange-ments and forms of national economy that the trade relations between two countries be-come an entirely automatic mutual exchange of the products that each lacks. Such are the relations between Poland and Palestine. Factors independent of human will have giyen Poland such raw materials and products as are entirely lacking in Palestine. On the other hand, Palestine produces com-modities for export which can by no means be made in Poland. Conscious human will has only accommodated itself to the natural conditions and has achieved delinite results in the scope of production. Timber and its numerous manufactures, coal, iron and its numerous manufactures, excellent beetroot sugar, cement these are the goods produced by Poland simply on account of her great wealth of natural re-sources. They are all needed by Palestine. The conscious productivity of Poland adds plenty of other goods such as glass, china, and textiles. These articles force thelr way for export. The wealth and resources of New Poland after the war assumed completely definite characteristics. At present, coal constitutes the main wealth of Poland. There is another factor, much less spoken and written about. It is the Polish miner. To him we owe our productive capacity. The world at large may envy us for having him. It is due to him that Poland is practically unrivalled in supply-ing coal to Europę. It would, therefore, be only natura] if we now made the necessary arrangements for meeting the modest de-mands of Palestine in this respect. The manifold iron articles are another source of Poland's wealth on which export to Palestine can be based. Once more it is a natural outcome of the production achieved by the immense industry of Polish Silesia, which has been set going unbelievably fast, all the apprehensions notwithstanding. The German occupation has enormously devas-tated the Polish woods; nevertheless prompt reorganisation of work and production in forestry, setting in motion of saw-mils etc. have enabled us to export timber again. Im-porting timber is one of the economic neces-sities of Palestine. Even these few detached remarks concern-mg the natural basis of our economy — remarks which occur to everybody, even to a layman — must lead to the ipipression that by Prof. Dr. OLGIERD^GORKA Consul General of Poland in Jerusalem. the natural resources of Poland and her production fully cover the demands of Palestine^ economy. Let us have a look, however, at the other side of the problem: the export tendencies of Palestine in the natural course of things will have to increase, for every country has to endeavour to improve its passive trade-ba-lance. The main export article of the whole of Palestine has been and is citrus fruit. That is a production constantly growing and be-coming more and more standardized. Fruit of the south is considered to be a luxury articH and for good reasons. There is no wonder that a country, as devastated as Poland, has rather for the time being to refrain from a larger import of a product having anything to do with luxury. Nevertheless, we fully realize the vital importance of citrus export for Palestine and must in this respect pursue the in-dispensable principle of reciprocity. We have to bear in mind, too, that citrus products undoubtedly form an element of adeąuate nutrition of the population. We must, therefore, give this problem our fuli considera-tion, so that arrangements satisfactory to this important branch of Palestine industry may be made. In yet another field, namely that of the Palestine pharmaceutical and chemical industries, great progress is to be noted. Such articles as artificial teeth etc. will, no doubt, be imported by Poland. The most important argument in the whole problem is that not so long ago, indeed just before the last war, the link between Poland and Palestine trade underwent its test. In the pre-war period the Polish-Palestinian relations were undertaken comparatively late and were then brought about as the result of the initiative of Palestine Jewry, who were bound by manifold ties to that strong sector of Polish economic life — the Polish Jewry of before the war. These commerciał relations attained through conscicius good will, notwith- standing the distance between the two countries, proved to be based on a solid founda-tion. They developed at an astonishing rate from year to year. Particularly the years 1938—1939 showed undoubtedly that irres-pective of any difficulties with regard to cost of transport, import restrictions and customs barriers, trade between the two countries could and had to develop for their mutual ad-vantage. The last war for some time destroyed completely the trade relations between Poland and Palestine which had been progressing so well. There came a long interval that, apart from one attempt or another, included, too, the year 1946 and the beginning of the year 1947. Let us be frank and admit that we were beaten in this field by many other countries. There is only one experience we have gained from this fact: it is for both, Palestine's and Polarid's benefit to have the breach in trade-relations filled up as ąuickly and intensively as possible. I dare say that in the year 1947 we shall enter the road leading to sound and extensive trade relations between the two countries, nay, we have entered it already. Fre-ąuent visitors of Jewish and Arab merchants and the good care taken by the Polish author-ities have already brought and are going to bring the best results. From the Polish standpoint, we attach much importance to these relations not only for economic and financial reasons, but because we see in them the furtherance of natural links between Poland and both the sectors of the Palestine population. We want to have business visitors from Palestine, the more the better, because we are well aware that each visit of this kind not only has its commerciał significance, not only furthers colla-boration with the Palestinian merchants but also tightens the links between the two countries and puts new life into their relationship. We, however, Polish people and nation, have to follow the principle that the up-building, vitalizing, and smoothing of the commerciał relations means work for the good of the whole population of Palestine, for the good of their whole country. This country has its task—to increase not only resources and productivity but also to raise the standard of living and to decrease prices; all this notwithstanding the interna 1 difficulties. In this task of developing Palestine eco-nomically, Poland has to hołd out a helping hand. This assistance the form of which will be determined by the mutual demands, will ionly be to the advantage of sound Polish economy. The Poznan Fair was the first real step in this direction. It was a happy step. In ac-cordance with the law of progress which In-yariably governed Polish-Palestinian relations, let us hope the next step will be the Gdańsk Fair. Induced by the good understand-ing of our common economic interests, we cordially invite you to visit the Gdańsk Fair. Quod faustum felix fortunaumąue sit! POLAND'S RECOVERED TERRITORIES June, 1947 BY RAFAEL LOC Consu.1 General of Poland in Tel-Aviv. The taking over of the territo-tories situated on the bank of the Oder, Nyssa and the Baltic Sea, the cradle of the Polish Nation and State, has not only changed Po-land's place on the map of Europę but the part played by her among the European countries as well. Poland's new role as one of the chief peace factors in Europę and in the world is closely con-nected with her frontiers east of the Oder, Nyssa and the Baltic Sea. The Recovered Territories form the most prominent feature of free and independent Poland. The fullest exploitation of these lands is of utmost importance for Poland's main social aim — the welfare and improved standard of living of the working classes. At the end of the war during the military operations and the retreat of the German Army from the East a great number of ci-vilians also withdrew to the West. The Germans were retreating in fuli flight from territories where they never felt at home. The Polish and Soviet troops in their advance were cheered everywhere by Poles, who although for cen-turies under foreign rule, always bore up against great odds and never forgot their language nor abandoned the faith of their fa-thers. The fact of the existence of a great number of Poles after centuries of extermination is amaz-ing and testifies to the vitality of the Polish elements in the Recovered Territories, which always have been and have never ceased to be Polish. At the time when the R. T. were taken over by the Polish authorities, over a million people of Polish origin were set-tled there. Since March 1945, an unbroken tide of Polish repatriants and settlers started to pour towards the West reaching in the last months of 1946 a total of approx. 3,5 million. The average increase amounted to 162.000 monthly. The number of 4,5 million Poles settled in the R. T. is a considerable achievement but is by no means the limit of our pos-sibilities. Approximately 2 million persons from the overpopu-lated central parts of Poland are to be transferred to the R.T. A further 1.600.000 Poles are ex-pected to return from abroad. From a total of approx. 3,5 million Germans still residing in these territories after they were taken over by the Polish adminis-tration, nearly 1,5 million Germans had willingly left for the West by Feb. 1946. Within the framework of an organised deportation to Germany according to the Potsdam agreement and the decisioi) of the Supreme Council for Germany dated 20 Nov. 1945, 1,602 thousand Germans left the R. T. Those still remaining will be repatriated during 1947; the figurę at the moment is approx. 10% of the population of the R. T. To conclude, let lis quote a recent statement by Mr. Z. Modzelewski, Polish Minister of Foreign Af-faires: "The rate of resettlement unprecedented in history and merging of these areas with Central Poland, is the best example that the Potsdam solution of the problem of Poland's western fron-tiers was just, fair and in con-formity with the principle of se-curing peace in Europę". INDUSTRY During the German retreat behind the Oder line nearly all the towns were burnt; the old quar-ters built under the dukes of the Piast dynasty were destroyed. The Germans treated the monuments of the Polish ancient culture most brutally. What did not per-ish in the flames was mined, and blown up. Military action did the rest and as a result Poland took over the Western territories in a state of complete destruction. Industry was at an absolute stand still. Those who did believe that Poland might succeed in rebuilding the industry of the R. T. used to cali this task „A Great Experi-ment". The Polish Nation is proud to state today that it proved to be successful in this Great Experiment. The Poles had to overcome tremendous difficul-ties. In doing so ihey showed themselves as efficient as anynation that suffered much less. The authorities succeeded in put-ing into operation 373 large fac-tories by September 1945. Up to September 1946 the figurę has increased to 1,224 (23%). The production of coal in Low-er Silesia reached in August 1946 52% of the pre-war production, in Upper Silesia 68%. The out-put has increased continuously. The production of iron ore has reached the level of 90% of the pre-war output. The production of zinc, due to very great destruction of the mines, did not exceed by June 1946 40% of the pre-war 'output, but those mines which were put into production reached 83% of their output of 1937. The conclusion is simple: The industry of the Recovered Territories represents for Poland a creative and fully exploited element. Not only Poland but the whole of Europę will finally participate in Poland's success. Królewiec Sanok GRANICA Zt£MlE ODIYSKANC P. I. N. PRESIDENT B. BIERUT "Herelofore we were a country in which industry had comparatiyely little influence on ihe econoimic life. Now, Poland has obtained a wide cess to the Baltic and will henceforih) © The terrible losses sustained by Poland during the war are more or less known to the whole civil-ized world. The enormous num-ber of killed — 7.000.000 people — about 20% of the entire pre-war popułr.tion, indescribable tor-tures which millions of Polish men, women and children suffer-ed in German prisons, concentra-tion camps, hunger and gas-chambers, towns and villages turned to dust ,the city of Warsaw, numbering over one million and a half inhabitants, totally des- belong to the sea states. She will become economically strong and closely connected with the econom-ic life of the world". POLAND troyed, burnt out and looted, 60 milliard dollars worth of loss in industry, agriculture and transport, besides the untold losses in cultural and private properties — that is the tremendous account of Poland's war time sacrifice. For five and a half years, at home and abroad, Poland fought, undaunted and persevering, for her freedom and her right to live; she is still fighting to-day, and looking confidently forward to a better figurę. She sums up not only the losses sustained but above all, the national and hu-man wealth which has remained, the treasures of civiliżation saved from destruction, towns, mines, foundries and workshops, her peace-time arsenał of culture and trade in the further battle for peace, in the name of civilization GDAŃSK and humanity. The world cataclysm has en-tirely altered the structure of the country, sixth in size in Europę, with a population of 24.000.000 people. Poland returns to the Odra and Nissa boundaries, to her ancient lands in the West, occupy-ing thus a central position on our continent. Instead of a smali strip of coast line granted by the Treaty of Versailles she has a 550 kilometres seafront on ihe Baltic, with three great ports: Gdańsk, Gdynia and Szczecin. Through the restitution of the Si-lesian industrial territory, Poland changes from an agricultural to an industrial-agricultural country. Theśe great changes open new, wide and bright, economlc prospects for the international trade exchange. In the year 1939 the name of Gdańsk was known all over the world as the symbol of the im-minent war. In the year 1947 it will serve as the symbol of peace: the International Fair will take place in Gdańsk. From the very beginnings of the Polish national life Gdańsk belonged to Poland. Only during the period of 146 years (1308 — 1454) Gdańsk was under the rule of the Teuto-nic Order. In 1455, when the Teutonic Order had become thoroughly corrupt, Gdańsk shook off its yoke and submitted to Poland, to which it was formally ceded at the peace of Toruń. It remained a Polish town un-til 1772, when at the first parti- tion of Poland, Gdańsk was separated from the Polish Kingdom and in 1793 it came into the pos-session of Prussia. Even then the Prussian king ex-perienced some unforeseen troub-les before he succeeded in calm-ing the patriotic Gdańsk citizens. The heroic inhabitants of the city fought tooth and nail in order to prevent the king of Prussia from enjoying his fuli share in Poland's partition. But this was not the last time that Polish blood was to be shed on the streets of Gdańsk. By vir-tue of the Polish blood shed et Gdańsk, at Westerplatte, and else-where, on all the fronts of this last war, cruellest of them all, and to which that unhappy town served as a cynical pretext, the Polish city of Gdańsk has returned to its Motherland for ever. MARSZAŁEK ŻYMIERSKI "The Polish Army is nei only the fighting arm of the Polish Nation. As a part of the national organism it par-iicipaies in all the vilal tasks; its con-tribution to the rebuilding of the Polish economy is enormous." June, 1947 Loading Coal in ihe Port Pabianice miaszkańcdw 239r. rzeki i kanały vożniejse koleją MR. HILARY MINC. The Minister of Industry and Commerce. "Our watchword 'Democratic Poland' is no empty phrase. This is why our reconstruction is progressing quicker, more skilfully, and wiih less sacrifitfe than in other counlries, that is why we achieve better results''. A yillage on thei seashore P. I. N. The Organisation of Foreign Trade June, 1947 Within the Ministry of Industry and Commerce Ali the problems connected witb foreign trade remain under the responsibility of the Underseeretary of State for Foreign Trade who controls the following departments: *1. The Secretariat of the Underseeretary of State; 2. The Research Bureau for Foreign Trade; 3. The Department of Planning and Coordination of Foreign Trade; 4. .The Department of Treaties; 5. The Department of Imports; 6. The Department of Exports; 7. The Department of Cooperation with UNRRA and other Relief Organisations. THE ORGANISATION OF THE CENTRAL, OFFfCES FOR POI.ISH FOREIGN TRADE AND OTHER ACTIYITIES. 1. "Textilimport". Textile Trade Supplies Centre, Import Agency, Lodź, Kosciuski 15. import of textile materiałs, raw or waste, woollen wastes, rags. 2. Textile Trade Export Centre "Cetebe", Ltd. Lodź, Kosciuski 15. exports of textile materials. 3. Leather Industry Supplies Centre, Import Agency. Lodź, Piotrkowska 260 imports of hides and skins un-dressed, vegetable tanning ex-tractSy artificial leather, cardboard tanned hides, grindery 4. "Polimex" Ltd, Machinery and Tools. Warszawa, Wiejska 11 purchase and sale of all kinds of machinery and eomponent parts of machines on the local and foreign markets 5. "Ciech" Ltd, Chemical Products and Eąuipment, Export and Import Centre. Warszawa, Jasna 10 imports and cxports of chemieals and of apparatus and eąuipment for the ehemical and pharmaceu-tical industries. * 6. "Elektrim", Polish Electrical Foreign Trade, Ltd. Warszawa, Puławska 29 purchase and sale on the local and foreign markets of all kinds of raw materials and articles wholly or semi-manufacturtd re-lating to the electrical industry 7. "Varimex", Foreign Trade, Ltd. Warszawa, Kredytowa 2/4 purchase and sale on the local and foreign markets of miscella-neouś articles, such as china, glass, cosmetics, linen, rubber etc. 8. "Paged", Polish National Tim- ber Agency, Foreign Section. Warszawa, Niemcewicza 26 foreign trade in tvood and timber trunks, boards, planks, plywood, veneer, wooden cases etc. 9. "Centrostal", Iron and Steel Centre. Katowice, Ligonia 7 sale on the local and foreign markets of iron and steel manufac-tures 10. Coal Industry Supplies Centre. Katowice, Plebiscytowa 56. Import Section, Warszawa, Lwowska 11. purchase of all technical imple-ments for the coal industry and technical goods essential for the maintenance of mines and other industrial undertakings * 11. "Węglokoks", Coal Iridustry, Sales Centre, Export Section. Katowice, Kosciuszki 30. sale of coal an coke on the local and foreign markets 12. "Centralcement", Cement Industry Sales Centre, Foreign Trade Section, Sosnowiec, 3-go Maja 19. sale of cement and cem,ent pro-ducts on the local and foreign markets 13. Non-ferrous Metals Associa-tion, Katowice, Podgórna 4 export of zinc and zinc manufac-tures, zinc sheets, zinc ingots, lead ingots, import of zinc and lead ores * 14. "Centrorud", Foundries Supplies Centre, Import Section. Katowice. Zamkowa 12 imports of all kinds of raw materials for smelting works j!.5: "Społem", Polish Goopera-tive Society, Warszawa, Mokotowska 61 imports of foodstuffs, agricultu- ral machinery, spare parts for machines and tools, flour mills eąuipment, chemical fertilizers 16. "Centronaft", Oil Products Centre, Warszawa, Rakowiecka 39 sale and purchase on the local and foreign markets of oils and greases, minerał oils and ivaxes * *— 17. "Dal", International Trade Co., Warszawa, Bartoszewicza 7 all kinds of commercial and industrial activities connected with the international trade exchange, Export of salt. wódka, poultry, especially overseas w 18. "Rybocentrala", Fish Trade Centre, Warszawa, Puławska 26 sale and purchase of fish and fish preserves on the local and foreign markets * 19. "Poleska" Ltd. Imports of Bali Bearings, Warszawa, Krakowskie Przedmieście, Hotel Bristol imports of bali bearings 20. "Centrozbyt", Commercial Centre for the Sugar Industry, Warszawa, Aleja Niepodległości 161 exports of sugar, molasses, and treacle; imports of seeds for sugar beet * 21. Polish Foreign Trade Asso-ciation, Ltd. Warszawa, Sienkiewicza 4 assistance in carrying on foreign trade, especially with regard to combined transactions; clearing agency; payments in advance of amounts due * 22. Arts and Crafts Centre, Foreign Trade Section, Warszawa, Aleja Jerozolimska 63 sale on the local and foreign markets of arts and crafts articles; purchase of raw materials and technical implements 23. "Zahan", Association for Barter Trade, Warszawa, Sienkiewicza 4 in the course of being wound up POLISH INDUSTRY CENTRAL OFFICES 1. Coal Industry, Central Board Katowice, Powstancow 46. 2. Foundries, Central Board Katowice, Lompy 14. 3. Metal Industry, Central Board Warszawa, Wilcza 69. 4. Liquid Fuel Industry, Central Board Kraków, Krupnicza 34. 5. Electric Industry, Central Board Warszawa-Praga, Jasińskiego 4 6. Building Industry, Central Board Warszawa, Wilcza 71. 7. Chemical Industry, Central Board Warszawa, Lwowska 17. 8. Sugar Industry, Central Board Warszawa, Al. Niepodległości 161/163 9. Leather Industry, Central Board Lodź, Piotrkowska 260. 10. Textile Industry, Central Board Lodź, Kosciuszki 4. 11. Power Industry, Central Board Warszawa, Wilcza 69. 12. Wood and Timber Industry, Central Board Warszawa, Wilcza 69. 13. Paper Industry, Central Board Lodź, Śródmiejska 11. 14. Armament Industry, Central Board Warszawa, Wilcza 69. EXPLANATORY NOTE According to the law of January 3, 1946 (Journal of Laws No. 3 p. 17) concerning the matter of the takirtg over of all basie branches of national economy by the State all plants employing over 50 workers, belongs to the Central Board, except some of basie industrial branches like mining, foundry, etc., being now a complete property of the State. P. I. N. The P. K. O. Bank in Palestine Savings were, therefore, one of the basie operations of this branch, whieh tried to imbue the idea of saving among the wide sections of the publie, particular-ly among the youth. The Palestine community wel-comed the opening of the Tel-Aviv P.K.O. Branch in which they saw elear evidence of the streng-thening of economic relations bet-ween Poland and Palestine. June, 1947 vote all its energies to collecting savings among the widest sections of the population. There is no deubt that the local publie will take an outstanding part in this as was the case before the war. In so doing they will only be acting for their own benefit. The proof of their readiness to cooperate is shown by the con-stant inerease in the amount of sa-vings. The watchword "Through Savings to Welfare" has to be wi-dely spread in Palestine, particu-larly among the youth 011 whom the futurę of Palestine depends. It may be safely assumed that October 31,"International Savings Day", will this year be celebrated as enthusiastically as it was the first time in Tel-Aviv in 1934. Undoubtedly, next year the Palestine Branch of the P.K.O. Bank, at present the only Polish bank in the Near East, will With re-newed ardour signalize its 15th anniversary of flourishing business. Not forgetting that this number is devoted to the First International Fair at Gdańsk which is to take place between 2 — 10 August this year, I should like to inform those who intend visiting the Fair, that our Bank will have a branch at the Fair itself. Among its activities there will be all kinds of financial business such as paying out of transfers, ex-change of currency and far reach-ing help in effecting all commer-cial trr nsactions. There will be al-so an advisory and information department. Do not fail to apply there and you will be assured of excellent service. Further, the P.K.O. Branch at Tel-Aviv is ready to give information and advice regarding money transfer to Poland, especially to intended visitors to the Fair. The head office of the Bank "Polska Kasa Opieki" was found-ed in Warsa w in March 1929. Subseąuently foreign branches of the P.K.O. Bank were established one after the other: first in Paris in 1930, then in Buenos-Aires in 1931, in Tel-Aviv in 1933 and in New-York in 1936. This year a branch of the P.K.O. Bank was opened on the Polish coast with its office at Sopot. Its task is financial support of the transport of goods through Polish ports of Gdynia and Gdańsk and ensuring the despatch of commodities, the export of which has been financed by the P.K.O. Bank. The initial aim of the P.K.O. Bank is safeguarding of savings and looking atfter other business matters of Polish citizens living abroad, the money transfer and ^ financing of commercial operations undertaken by Poland with the countries in which the P.K.O. Bank has its branches. Taking into consideration the character of the Polish emigration to Palestine differing as it does from the Polish emigration to other overseas countries, the acti-vity of the Tel-Aviv Branch of the P.K.O. Bank had to be adapt-ed to the Palestinian situation. many a merchant, quite prominent to-day, many a craftsman owes his independence and the es-tablishing of his own workshop to systematically deposited sa-vings at the Tel-Aviv P.K.O. Branch and to the credit received from them. Not without significance were also the greatly extended transfer and clearing operations between Poland and Palestine in ad-dition to the financing of the con-tracts effected between both countries. The outbreak of the war in September 1939 put a stop to the further development of the Palestine P.K.O. Branch and placed it in a crucial situation through be-ing cut off from the homeland. Owing to the sound principles on which this Branch had been con-ducted and the reserves systematically put aside, it succeeded, however, in overcoming all the difficulties and in paying off all the liabilities. The Tel-Aviv Branch, now si-tuated in its own building at 95, Allenby St., was taken over by the Delegate of the Head Office of the P.K.O. Bank in Warsaw at the beginning of this year; thus it is again united with its Head Office in Poland. The Tel-Aviv Office, is now be-ing fundamentally reorganised. For, in consideration of the Iow standard of the output of world industry and of the high rate of progress made in Palestine eco-mony and, in conseąuence, of the necessity of providing the Palestine market with the indispens-able goods and raw materials which were once and can be again supplied by Poland, the Tel-Avivr P.K.O. Branch has started work-ing activelv in this field; they are also extremely helpful in financing the supplies of merchandise coming from Poland to Palestine and from Palestine to Poland and in acting as clearing house between the two countriesL By no means does it denote ig-noring activity in the field of sa-vings. On the contrary, the Bank fully realises that the economic life of Palestine must be streng-thened also by local capital, as in view of the constantly inereasing difficulties in obtaining currency from abroad the flow of foreign capital cannot entirely satisfy the economic needs of Palestine. The P.K.O. Branch, therefore, will de- A distinct sign of the constantly growing confidence of the local publie in the newly opened office of the P.K.O. Bank in Palestine was the continued and sys-tematic growth of the savings de-posits which in the year 1936 reached the sum of £P. 240.000. This capital did not, however, remain idle in the strong-room of the P.K.O. Bank — on the contrary, it was invested in the Palestine market in the form of credits, łgranted by the Branch and it contributed considerably to the development of the economic life of growing Palestine. Moreover, RYSZARD TERPINSKI Manager of łhe P.K.O. Bank BANK P.K.O. TEL-AVIV — OWN BUILDING 95, Allenby Rcad P. I. N. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF POLAND Produciion Specification Unit 1*38*) 1. II. III. IV, 1946, V. months VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. 1. Coal 1000 t 3175 3600 3285 3771 3742 3709 3530 4082 4197 4155 4555 2. Coke 1000 t 191 241 221 262 283 302 298 315 325 321 336 3. Crude Oil 100 t 423 91 81 94 93 100 98 103 101 102 103 4. Iron Ore 1000 t 73 24 21 32 29 33 31 40 40 39 40 5. Raw zinc and lead ores 1000 t 42 40 39 45 47 52 51 56 61 58 62 6. Brine and rock sal 1000 t 54 26 22 22 15 15 21 23 21 24 27 7. Cement 1000 t 143 50 53 88 92 124 149 150 153 154 147 8. Window Glass 2124 3645 3453 3148 2249 2309 2671 3477 3447 3704 4153 9. Pig-Iron 1000 t 74 52 47 63 65 64 62 64 66 61 66 10. Steel 1000 t 120 92 87 104 102 105 95 104 98 100 109 11. Raw zina 100 t 90 38 34 38 36 37 37 39 39 39 42 12. Raw lead t 1550 708 660 706 709 704 706 708 756 741 851 13. Kerosene 100 t 110 15 12 9,4 12 14 13 13 13 20 19 14. Petrol 100 t 83 35 26 23 22 30 27 25 25 35 42 15. Paper t 17051 8367 3675 11278 11481 11653 11192 ] [2762 12626 14599 16016 NOTE: — ) Monthly Average. Dała for 1938 concern Poland in itg pre-war borders. 3 YEARS PLAN NOTE: — ) Monthly Average. Dała for 1938 concern Poland in itg pre-war borders. 3 YEARS PLAN 1947 1948 1949 1. Coal 60.000.000 t. 70.000.000 t. 80.000.000 t. 2. Coke 4.480.000 t. 5.190.000 t. 6.150.000 t. 3. Crude Oil 135.000 t. 155.000 t. 195.000 t. 4. Iron Ore 2.100.000 t. 2.700.000 t. 3.200.000 t. 5. Raw zinc and lead ores 692.000 t. 842.000 t. 1.042.000 t. 6. Brin© and rock sal 290.000 t. 322.000 t. 340.000 t. 7. Cement 1.450.000 t. 1.600.000 t. 2.000.000 t. 8. Window Glass 9.700.000 m2 9.700.000 rr.2 9.700.000 m2 .9 Pig-Iron 800.000 t. 1.200.000 t. 1.300.000 t. 10. Steel 1.400.000 t. 1.750.000 t. 2.000.000 t. 11. Raw zinc 80.000 t. 90.000 1. 110.000 t. 12. Raw lead 8.000 t. ' 15.000 t. 20.000 t. 13. Kerosene — — — 14. Petrol — — — 15. Paper 220.000 t. 260.000 t. 260.000 t. THE EXPLOITATION OF THE POLISH SEA-PORTS Gdańsk: Gdynia: Imports Exports Turnover Imports Exporłs Turnover in 1000 ions in 1000 tons I Ouarter 234,3 417,4 651,7 233,0 379,7 612,7 II Ouarter 385,2 732,2 1117,4 469,9 676,8 1146,7 III Ouarter 471,3 764,5 1235,8 458,3 645,3 1103,6 IV Ouarter 273,8 715,1» 988,9 265,6 614,4 880,— Year 1946 1364,6 2629,2 3993,8 1426,8 2316,2 3743,— Year 1945 135,0 218,9 353,9 241,5 321,8 563,3 Imports Exports Turnover Imports Exporłs Turnover RECONSTRUCTION OF COLD-STORAGE PLANT AT GDYNIA The cold-siorage piani at Gdynia has already recoyered its pre-war capacity after ihe removal of ihe debris of des-irucłion. During a comparalive-ly short iime it has recenłly re-ceived 3.300 barrels o! herrings and salied fisth, over 217.000 kgs. of frozen and fresh fish, 44.000 kgs. of smoked fish, 445 kgs. of frozen meat and 28.000 kgs. of oiher commodiiies. PRIVATE FIRMS' FOREIGN TRADE In a recent ariicle, ihe Polish daily Rzeczpospolita deali wiih ihe co-operaiion beiween represeniaiives of privaie firms and Siaie enierprises in foreign irade. The paper names 40.000.000 dollars as Ihe esiim-aied year's iurnoyer of foreign irade carried out by privaie firms. COMMERCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN POLAND AND PALESTINE IN THE LAST DECADE BEFORE THE WAR Total imports to Palestine Poland's imports to Palestine Poland's percentage in the total imports (In Palestinian currency) 1929 7.166.593 28.105 0.39 % 1930 6.985.258 66.277 0.94 % 1931 5.940.000 38.499 0.64 % 1932 7.788.920 101.355 1.304% 1933 11.123.489 289.718 2.605% 1934 15.152.781 475.375 3.137% 1935 17.853.493 778.789 4.362% 1936 13.979.023 428.779 3.067% 1937 15.904.608 475.263 2.988% 1938 11.356.968 419.478 3.694% Exports from Palestine to Poland Poland's percentage irl exports to Palestine Total exports from Palestine Exports from Palestine to Poland Poland's percentage irl exports to Palestine (In Palestinian currency) 1929 1.554.262 5.367 0.34% 1930 1.896.095 16.417 0.86% 1931 1.572.051 17.538 1.12% 1932 2.381.491 16.499 0.69% 1933 2.591.617 15.122 0.58% 1934 3.217.562 31.990 0.99% 1935 4.215.486 122.245 2.90% 1936 3.625.233 136.406 3.76% 1937 5.819.675 157.050 2.70% 1938 5.020.368 133.981 2.59% Total exports from Palestine IMPORTS OF MEDICAL SUPPLIES Poland iniends io import ihis year medicines io ihe value of $ 9.000.000.—. In ihe first six months of ihe year, a greaier amouni of medicines will be imporied from ihe Neiherlands. June, 1947 NEWS IN BRIEF Polish Air Line "LOT" will shorily resume iheir regular Po-land-Palesiine flighis. "ORBIS", ihe Polish Transport Agency, will also reopen in Palestine in the near futurę. Both offices will be siiuated in ihe P.K.O. Bank Building, 95, Allenby Street, Tel-Aviv. POLISH MERCANTILE MARINĘ The Polish Mercaniile Marinę has now 27 ships, ioialling 107.000 ions. Of these, 25 ships, ioialling 105.000 tons, belong io ihree enierprises run by Siaie capiial, and iwo ships, iotalling 2.000 ions, io iwo privaie enierprises. The following regular sea lines, run by Polish shipping companies, have been reintro-duced: Gdynia-Siockholm and Easiern Swedish poris; poris of Western Sweden; Antwerp ana British poris (London, Hull); US ports, Souih America (Brazil, Argentine). There is now a direct Polish-Palestine line served by the s/s "Legistan" and "Levani", It is expected ihat another sieamer and ianker will be placed on ihis line shorily. RECENT HARBOUR WORK At Gdańsk the West Pier has been completely repaired and a new lighthouse built on the Eastern Pier. Numerous wrecks have been removed. In all, 500 metres of pierś have been reconsŁrucied. Har-bour craft have been repaired. The entrance to the Gdynia harbour has been deepened to 9 metres. Four warehouses have been reconstrucied at Gdańsk and twelve at Gdynia. Several pierś and harbour warehouses have been rebuilt at Szczecin. CEMENT INDUSTRY PRODUCTION The Union of ihe Polish Cement Industry includes iwelye faciories. In ihe first ąuarier of 1946, 139.303 ions of cemeni were supplied for the home market, in the second ąuarier 188.449 ions, and in ihe third ąuarier 329.774 ions. Exporis in Sepiem-ber, 1946, were 106.347 ions iransporied by land and 217.691 ions iranspotted by sea, desiined for the U.S.S.R., Sweden, Malia, Brazil, Dakar etc. P.I.N. The International Trade Oiganisation It is difficult to give a complete survey of such a many-sided problem as commercial relations between two countries if we do jiot consider the project of the International Trade Organisation and refrain from outlining how far this scheme responds to the interests of both countries. The project, laid down by the government of the United States, has so far formed the subject matter of two meetings of the so called Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment held in London in October 1946 and Geneva in April 1947. The Polish Delegates were not members of the Preparatory Committee but acted as observers re-presenting Poland as Member of the United Nations. Palestine as» a Mandated Territory did not par-ticipate. The fundamental idea of the project is to abolish all restric-tions hampering international trade. Its main points are: (1) that governments should reduce all types of restriction imposed on imports and exports (2) that each government should abstain from actions which would cause products produced within their territories to be offered in foreign markets at prices out of corres-pondence with domestic prices (3) that each should permit products from every foreign land to compete within its markets _>n eąual terms, and thereby leave the origin of imports to be settled by universal competition (4) that each should accord all foreign buyers eąual opportunity to se-cure its products on the same terms (5) that each should abstain from bilateral agreements for the exchange of goods that would or might lessen the opportunity of others to compete for the trade. Even after such a short sum-mary as given above it is elear that the regulations are much easier acceptable by rich countries with a.highly developed in-dustry than by poor ones. Sn the same way, it is easier to accept t.hem for purely capitalist than for socialist or democratic states. Because no democratic country can afford to forget for a moment the chief aim of its economic po-licy: to assure fuli employment to its citizens, to inerease national income and to shift the balanse of purchasing power to the work-ing classes. And also among the countries themselves must come a new distribution of purchasing power. To enable the poorer countries to fight against competition some restrictions have to be imposed. For, the principle of fuli economic liberty does not ał-ways accord with the principle of economic equality. which is he more important. Neither is it possible in prac-tice to apply the tenet of fuli eli-mination of the political factor. The Charter provides that in order to give effect to a non dis-criminating policy "external pur-chases or sales of any product shall be influenced solely by commercial considerations, such as price, quality, marketablity, trans-portation and terms of purchase or sale. The most ardent defen-der of the purely capitalist system is bound to admit that even privately conducted trade is not entirely dećermined by commercial considerations. We could cite a recent foreign loan granted by a certain country to others and the trade due to result there-from. It will not be influence! solely by commercial considerations. Neither will it be practical-ly possible for a country, whose trade is partially controlled by the state to completely ignore political considerations in its foreign trade. The disadvantage to such a state would be perhaps, that its actions, in the field of foreign trade cannot be as easily concealed as those of a capitalist country. As fas as Palestine is con-cerned, its main problem will no doubt be the interpretation of art. 88 of the Charter. It reads as fol-lows: "Each government accept-ing this Charter does so in respect of its metropolitan territory and the overseas territories for which it has international responsibil-ities with the exception of those territories which are self govern-ing in respect of matters provid-ed for by the Charter". This defi-nition makes it doubtful whether Palestine as a Mandated territory (or a futurę Tursteeship territory before it obtains its independ-ence) can be a member of the proposed International Trade Organisation. If the answer is in the negative, attention must be given to chapter 6 which deals with restrictive business practice (monopolies, market sharing etc.). Complaints against such action to the International Trade Organisation can only be sub-mitted "by any Member or with permission of a Member by any affected person, organisation or business entity within that Members' Jurisdiction". It would mean that in case of necessity, Palestine would have to apply to Great Britain for the reąuired permission". As an impartial observer of the economic life of the Middle East, especially of Palestine, I have to stress the possibility and the im-portance of an appropriate de-velopment of trade exchange between Poland and Palestine on a much larger scalę than hitherto. First of all I must admit łhat the pre-war trade exchange between Poland and Palestine was of an unsteady and irregulir character. That state of affairs was mainly due to the important, and very often deciding part al-lotted to the factor of individual profit which supersded the basie element in foreign trade — the benefit of the country. It may be sufficient to mention the so-called "Halifim"-Contract, where in spite of all the high sounding Watchwords of National Benefit, the pursuit for profit of individuals, groups and inter-mediary factors have led to un-pleasant experiences an eventual-ly to the failure of an enterprise which otherwise could have prov-ed fruitful. Palestine in the process of up-building, notwithstanding the fact that she does not yet enjoy fuli independence, has constantly in. creasing demands fo raw mater-ials, semi-manufacturers and in« dustrial products, as well as agricultural products which she does not produce in adeąuate quantities; she represents, there-fore, a good market for the gro w, ing Polish production. The Palestinian producers, merchants and consumers, of whom in the Jewish sector 40% come from Poland, are well aquainted with - Polish industry and are only too willing to buy Polish goods. In spite of the tremendous human losses during the war the Jewry of Palestine, who are the most important consumers of the imported goods, are stilł closely connected with Poland by feeling June 1947 To eon cl u de. il may be presum-ed that the attitude of Palestine towards the International Trade Organisation's Charter will be in many respects much the same as Poland's, beacause their common aim no doubt is to see that the high ideał of setting up an international trade organisation should not be frustrated by that or the other self-seeking individual or country. Henryk S. Zylberlasi, L.Ł.M. and link of family relations. Although Palestine's trade ba-lance is in the debit, she has a considerable credit balance of payments due to the constant flow of fresh money from abroad. It makes her a good customer. Her oung but seriously deve-loping industry and craft, bothin the Jewish and in the Arab sec-tors, for many years to come will be in need of such goods as coal, coke, iron, timber, textiles, artifi-cial silk, furniture, glass, china, machinery, transport goods,. etc. All of these can be supplied by Poland, where, on the other hand, there will be — together with the growing welfare of the population — a constantly rising de-mand for such articles as citrus fruit, fruit juice, preserved fruit, chemicals, pharmaceutical prepa-rations, dentures, etc... Besides, Palestine has been and will be an important customer for agricultural produce and live-stock notwithstanding the exeel-lent development of her own ag-riculture. These again can be supplied by Poland in adeąuate ąuantity and ąuality, All we need to have the problem of Poland-Palestine trade exchange settled, is good will and mutual understanding. I have to add here that Poland may to a large degree supersede one of the pre-war commercial partners of Palestine i.e. Germany which of course will entail a considerable inerease of exchane of trade with Poland. If we consider the greater va-riety and growth of the Polish industrial output which we owe to the recovery of the old lands of West Poland, we have to con-clude that there are good reasons for hope that Polish—Palestinian trade exchange will be greatly extended, all the more as both partners are making every endei-vour to put it on a sound basis. Eng. Jozef B. Galloi POLISH PALESTINE TRADE PIN. June 1947 Attraction For The Tourist Bi9 Plans For Poland has had up to now no established reputation among tourists exploring the countries of Europę. Switzerland is known as the country of the Alps, Italy as the country of antiąuities, Nor-way and Sweden as centres for winter sports, but no label indi-cating her attraction has yet been fixed to Poland. Poland possesses relics reveal-ing an old culture, which are equal to the most beautiful gems of Mediaeval Łnd Renaissance art to be found in Western Europę. A lover of art will also find in Po-lish museums masterpices of Occidental culture. Apart from this type of art, recognised by the wliole world. and so to speak of-ficial, a tourist coming to Poland will be impressed by the more original charm of the customs of an agricultural society settled on the land for many centuries, of a society whose charaeteristics are much what they used to be. in spite of the modernisation of industry. communications and edu-cation. In his rural excursions, whether shooting or walking in the mountains and woods, the fo-away there are the peaks of the Tatra mountains and an excellent ski-ing country in the western ran ges of the Carpathians. SUCCESSf OF POZNAN FAIR The PoznanFair closed on May 4. It convinced everyone that the rebuilt factory chimneys were smoking again, that the recon-structed industry was showing a tremendous drive, and that pro-duction had reached a level gua-ranteeing the fulfilment of the Three-Year Plan. Several very im-portant contracts were signed. 1 he first large deals concluded by the State industry were made in tex-tiles and were greatly appreciated by businessmen from abroad. A number of these deals amount to several hundred thousand dollars each. Large deals in giass and china, chemicals and furniture were also concluded. It is generally agrefed by Po-lish industrialists and represen-tatives from abroad and foreign trade delegations that the Fair contributed to closer contacts bet-ineen Poland and abroad. Accord-ing to provisional figures, 363.000 people visited the fair. reign tourist will meet Vith many interesting expressions of these age-old traditions preserved among the country people. The folklore of Poland has an originality which is sel-dom found, and that only in iso-lated places of Europę to-day. In Poland the traveller comes face to face with the splendour of naturę preser ved over wide areas in its primitive beauty; he will see Alp-like mountains, great rive,-s. and primeval forests teeming with game. Most favoured by foreign vi-sitors are south-western parts, in particular the provinces of Cra-cow and Silesia. Cracow is a tharming old city, with many interesting relics of Mediaevalism and Renaissance. A hundred miles SEASIDE RESORTS Another region of interest to tourists is the part that skirts the sea. In the neighbourhood of the ports of Gdańsk and Gdynia, there are many pleasant seaside resorts, largęly patronised by the people of the inland towns. During a visit to the Polish coast the foreign traveller can very con-veniently fit in a trip to Warsaw. the capital of the country, and from there he can make an excur-sion on his return journey to Toruń or Poznan, or Wrocław or Ssczecin, or any of the smaller towns of the Recoverd Territories which are rich in monuments of mediaeval Gothic architecture. The traveller in search of beautiful scenery, especially the camp-er and the hiker, will find in Poland, as perhaps nowhere else in Europę, ideał conditions for this kind of touring, which has be-come so popular of late. A sireei in Szczecin Kopernic's Monument in Warsaw Polish Films The Polish film industry, which started its post-war activities prac-tically without eąuipment of any kind, is now planning for the near futurę an output of 20 to 25 films a year. The progress made by the industry may be judged from the fact that Lodź now has a studio eąuipped with al 1 the modern ap-paratus, as well as a film labo-ratory capable of producing 8,000 feet of film tape an hour. Two new factories are turning out film eąuipment. projectors and searchlights. The production of projectors is expected to reach 400 this year. Foreign observers have been impressed by the excellent pho-tography of the new Polish docu-mentary films. LATEST NEWS ABOU1 POLISH FILM PRODUCTION. We owe the latest information regarding the Polish film production to Mr. Arnold Dawidzon, the representative of the Polish mov-ing pictures for the Middle East. The season's best hit, says Mr. Dawidzon, will be "Ulica Graniczna" ("The Border Street"). Part of the shots have already been completed. They were taken in a Czechoslovakian studio under the stage management of Mr. Ford. At present, the "plainairs" are being made in Poland. The pre-miere is expected in the autumn. The picture "Stalowe Serca" ("The Hearts of Steel"), produc-ed by Mr. Urbanowicz, will give us a glimpse of the life of Sile-sian miners. The shots have been completed and the picture is to be released shortly from the studio. Another picture, dealing with the subject of the electrification of villages, will also appear very shortly ("Jasne Lany" — "The Bright Meadows", producer Mr. Cekalski). The production of "Oświencim" (producer Mrs. W. Jakubowska) has already been started. The film is featuring some foreign actors: two Russians, one Frenchman and one Yougoslav. It may be safely assumed that the coming season will give us 5 or 6 new pictures. P.I.Ń. TELEPHONE: 5862 GLOBE TRAVEL SERVICE LTD. TICKETS ALL OVER THE WORLD TOURIST AND FORWARDING AGENTS Manager: Bernard Wajnberg (formerly Wagons Liis Cook, Łódź) T E L - A V I V, 2, HAR SINAI CORNER ALLENBY ROAD 108 June, 1947 CC TRAN SLLOYD" SHIPPING & FORWARDING AGENTS Head Office: TEŁ-AVIV (Palesiino) 21, Łilienbltun Sł. P.O.B. 4135 Phone 3518 Branch: HAIFA 31, Kingsway Room No. 9 P.O.B. 1261 Phone 6391 EFF1C1ENT SERYICE Our staff of experienced Packers and Porters see to it that your OVERSEA TRANSPORTS are handled in an efficient manner. COLLECTIVE CONSIGNMENTS — cheap and convenient REPRESENTATIYES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. INTERNATIONAL COMMERCI AL A G E N C Y T E L - A V I V 27, GRUZENBERG ST. P.O.B. 347 PHONE 3419 M. SWIRSKY TIMBER STORES LTD TEL-AVIV P. O. B. 1772 TEL. 5116 MANN & BERMANN LTD. ESTABLISHED IN 1907 JERUSALEM P. O. B. 97 TEL 4004 AGRIPAS ROAD T E L- A VIV & JAFFA P. O. B. 436 TEL 4655-6 7, ROTHSCHILD BLVD. HAIFA P. O. B. 1451 TEL 4104 6, HARBOUR ST. The Oldest & Foremost Company of Timber and Building Materiał łM PORTERS IN PALESTIN E Timber for Construction, Building and Furniture, Iron Sheets and Corrugated Sheets, other Building Materials — Ali kinds of Imported Packing Cases, E s p e c i a I I y C i ł r u s Cases A separate department operating a Sawmill for the manufacture of all sorts of cases This publication is printed on paper supplied by ISA AC J. GLICK PAPER, BOARD AND STATION-ERY IIMPORTER LEADING SUP-PLIER OF NEWSPRINT TO PALESTINE NEWSPAPERS JERUSALEM P. O. Box 404 Tel. 2349 P.I.N. Great Britain and Poland Trade Relations ...11Provisional agreement was łhat Poland planned io place orders with ihe United King-dom łraders, over łhe next łhree years for raw materials — wool, rubber, tin, graphite — and other goods up ło łhe value of Ł. 20.000.000.—, and lor machinery and oiher capiłal goods up io łhe value of Ł. 15.000.000. During łhe period Poland proposed to export ło łhe United Kingdom ło łhe total value of Ł. 23.000.000.— goods essential ło łhe United Kingdom economy, among which foodstuffs should occupy an important place. China, glass-ware, textiles, and furniture could be offered by Poland in łhe first year. The Polish Gov-ernment had offered to supply abouł 250.000 tons of coal for deliyer